Estudio de la biomecánica de las extremidades superiores durante el trabajo con herramientas manuales en entornos experimentales utilizando el software Clinical 3DMA

Abstract

The objective of this project was to study the biomechanics of the upper extremities during work with hand tools in experimental environments using the clinical 3DMA software, through this study it was determined that the incorrect use of hand tools generates musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremities. This analysis began with the definition of the experimental environments and hand tools with which we were going to work, for the definition of these, a bibliographic study and a field study were carried out. Once the environments and tools were defined, the Clinical 3DMA software was calibrated with the markers and optoelectronic cameras, which generated the curves of the movements that occur with the use of hand tools, through the tests with each of these; the activities for which these tools were designed were compared with erroneous activities of the same, and in this way it was possible to show that at the time of performing activities for which the hand tools were not designed, users could present pathologies in the upper extremities such as osteoarthritis, tendinitis, muscle distension, etc. It was possible to determine a total of eleven hand tools with which the tests were carried out and thanks to the biomechanical study that was carried out with the Clinical 3DMA software, it was possible to show that the tools such as the hammer and the saw present critical risk factors while the other tools present slight risks. Having clear the effects that can generate the misuse of these tools, a manual of safe procedures was developed for experimental environments in which critical ergonomic risk factors were detected, such as repetitive movements and bad postures in workers.