Gestión de riesgos ergonómicos para los operadores de maquinaria, en el proyecto “Reasfaltado de las calles de Riobamba” de la Constructora COVIPAL Cía. Ltda

Abstract

The main objective of the titling work was to carry out an ergonomic study of the machinery operators of the construction company COVIPAL Cia. Ltda. in the project “Resurfacing of the streets of Riobamba”, where the following machinery was used: excavator, backhoe, motor grader, vibratory smooth roller, mini front loader, water tanker, concrete mixer truck, primer tanker, Finisher asphalt primer, double smooth roller, dump truck and pneumatic roller; the operators perform routine and non-routine activities, which can generate musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) when not controlled in time. The collection of information was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively by applying surveys, Check List, direct dialogue with the operators, taking photographs, videos, and bibliographic research; this process helped to identify the workstations and activities performed in the construction of road works. Through a critical analysis it was possible to determine those tasks that cause inappropriate ergonomic postures, being these subject to an evaluation using the NTP 601 standard (REBA method), being this method one of the most complete and efficient, since it allows evaluating upper and lower extremities. The evaluation of 12 workers resulted in 2 levels of risk, categorized as high and medium. Of which 25% present a high-risk level, being necessary to apply corrective action measures urgently in these jobs; while 75% of operators show a medium risk level, so their intervention is necessary. Therefore, a proposal was made to control ergonomic risks, which consists of preventive measures at the source, medium and operator, to mitigate and control the risks to which the operating personnel of machinery are exposed, thus preventing occupational diseases.