Metáforas de tablas de multiplicar para el aprendizaje de los niños de tercero y cuarto año de educación básica de la Unidad Educativa Pensionado Olivo

Abstract

The objective of this research work was to develop metaphors in the multiplication tables to improve the learning process in children of third and fourth years of Basic Education at Pensionado Olivo Educational Unit, in order to achieve a fun and meaningful teaching-learning process, since nowadays there are several problems in the mathematics, specifically with the multiplication tables. The research methodology used was the qualitative-quantitative approach; with a descriptive, field and bibliographic research level necessary to understand the subject and to detail the strategies to be applied. The methods applied were inductive-deductive and synthetic. The technique used to collect information was through the application of surveys to teachers and students, being validated by Cronbach's alpha (0.935) and expert method; with the questionnaire instrument. In phase 1 it was recognized that the most frequently methodologies used were inductive and deductive with 55%; applied pedagogical techniques, graphic organizers with 55%; in applied strategies were mental calculation with 64%, and formulation of problems with 55%; they do not have didactic materials. In phase 2, a training was applied to improve methodologies and an increase in academic performance of 16% was identified. Thanks to these results, it was identified that students have different learning abilities: visual, auditory and kinesthetic. Therefore, in phase 3 it was determined that 100% of teachers are willing to implement innovative methodologies through perception channels that facilitate the learning of multiplication tables. The idea proposed in the research was verified since through the visual metaphors, it was sought to attract the children's attention. In the auditory and kinesthetic metaphors, the aim was to link students emotionally with the stories and, thanks to this, it was possible to influence on meaningful learning. It is recommended to promote research on the teaching and learning of multiplication tables in children through the application of non-traditional tools such as metaphors in order to encourage students, innovating in the teaching of basic education teachers at Pensionado Olivo school to offer quality education.