Descripción e identificación de las características organolépticas y anatómicas de la madera de cinco especies forestales comerciales, procedentes del cantón Loreto, provincia de Orellana.

Abstract

This research aimed to describe and identify the anatomical and organoleptic characteristics of the wood of five commercial forest species, from the town of Loreto, province of Orellana, in order to provide excellent information that allowed appropriate management and use. For the identification of dendrological samples, the collection of botanical specimens from the ESPOCH herbarium was used. For the description of organoleptic characteristics, test tubes were acquired according to COPANT Standards and the senses (touch, sight, taste, smell) for the determination of odor, taste, color, texture, grain, luster and veined. In the description of the anatomical characteristics, 2 cm3 of wood were softened using the autoclave. The cross-sectional, tangential and radial cuts were made with the microtome obtained histological plates of 0.3 microns; to continue with the staining in Safranina, Astra blue and the combination Safranina + Astra blue in three times 10, 20, and 30 seconds. The assembly of each one of the plates and the observation in the microscope was carried out, then the pH of each species was determined using fresh sawdust mixed with distilled water. Results related to dendrological identification showed that each species belonged to families different and in terms of anatomical characteristics. It was possible to observe each of the essential structures that contain the wood: pores, parenchyma, tilide, vessels and pits. The Hydrogen potential varied according to the characteristics and composition of each species. Finally, it was concluded that regarding the staining with respect to the anatomical characteristics with which a better observation of the structures was achieved was with Astra blue, in all species. It wass recommended to perform anatomical studies using other stains or different times when performing the tinted for best results.