Análisis de ubicación óptima de puntos de carga y almacenamiento de energía para autobuses híbridos y eléctricos.

Abstract

Aiming to be more attractive in a very competitive market, hybrid and electric buses need to reduce their acquisition and operation cost (TCO - Total Cost of Ownership) compared to conventional buses. In this regard, the sizing of the onboard energy storage system and the charging infrastructure becomes a key design stage. Optimal sizing of these factors is necessary to provide adequate autonomy and service, despite the impact on high investment costs for the manufacturer and fleet operator. Furthermore, the complex interrelationship between these parameters makes the best-performed system design a challenging process. To face this issue, this paper proposes an optimization methodology for the onboard storage capacity of a power system and location as well as charging stations power to reduce TCO (total cost of ownership) in hybrid and fully electric bus routes. For this purpose, several routes have been selected as a case study in Donostia city (Spain) where the proposed methodology has been assessed techno-economically regarding cost factors such as storage systems, charging infrastructure, fuel, and the electricity grid.