Diseño y construcción de un banco didáctico de instrumentación para la calibración de los termopares tipo J, K & T, y control de un horno de tres etapas

Abstract

The following work presents the design and construction of a didatic instrumentation bench for the calibration of type J, K, & T thermocouples, and control of a three-stage furnace. The quality house was used to determine the optimal design of the equipment and different alternatives were analyzed for the development of its manufacture. Finally, an efficient bench was obtained to characterize the three types of thermocouples and to automatically control a three-stage furnace. The bench consists of an electric furnace with 3 cylindrical chambers where the thermocouples are located, each chamber or stage contains a type of thermocouple, and the temperature rise in each one is given with quartz resistors, the advantage of the equipment is that it can activate a single camera ora ll three simultaneously. For the automation and control of the bank, a Raspberry Pi model B + microcontoller was used, thanks to this the bank can work independently by connecting a monitor and a mouse, or remotely with the help of a laptop through the VNC Viewer program. The control interface was developed in Phyton as it contains very user-friendly libraries. Finally, for the acquisition of data from the temperature sensors, an Arduino nano was added, and they are reflected in a Excel file. To fulfill the recommendations of the researched bibliography, eight bench tests were carried out at different working temperatures and analyzing the results to obtain the characteristic equation of each type fo thermocouple, as well as for the PID control of each stage of furnace, it was concluded that the bench prototype works, an upgrade to the equipment is recommended with the implementation of a solid state block furnace with is a certified industrial calibrator.