Métodos de extracción y valoración de ácidos grasos de la almendra de guanábana (Annona muricata).

Abstract

This study and research experiences review aimed to analyze the methods of extraction and assessment of fatty acids present in the soursop (seed) almond (Annona muricata). Findings showed that the authors used different methods for oil extraction, such analytical procedures subjected to a different methodology allowed us to know that the highest extraction performance was obtained using the Soxhlet technique and hexane as an organic solvent (purity of 99.8%). It was obtained 37.7% of oil. Then, using Soxhlet with ethyl ether, 30.59% of oil was obtained; while using hexane (purity of the 79.8%), 22.5% oil was obtained. The authors used the classical methodology of the Soxhlet technique, however the variation in the results were due to different parameters (seed quality, seed size, nature of solvents, specifications between teams and human technical management). With other extraction methods, such as the Bligh & Dyer analytical technique, which consists of the use of chloroform and methanol as solvents; 13.6% oil was obtained. Finally, with the extraction method using supercritical carbon dioxide, only 12.9% of oil was obtained. Regarding the evaluation of fatty acids using gas chromatographs of different specifications in each of the investigations, the results vary in the following averages calculated from the values obtained by each author, as follows: oleic fatty acid (34.56%), linoleic (26.19%), linolenic (2.08%), palmitic (24.24%) and stearic (5.39%), being the ones with the greatest presence and of great interest for investigative purposes with a pharmacological, nutritional approach and for the different industries that aim to take advantage of the fruit and its different parts in the production of finished products for human consumption.