Determinación de la etiología y perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana en pacientes ambulatorias y hospitalizadas con infecciones urinarias del Hospital Atocha, Ambato

Abstract

The present research work aimed to determine the etiology and profile of antimicrobial resistance in ambulatory and hospitalized patients with urinary infections at the Hospital Atocha of the canton Ambato. For which a qualitative-quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental design were carried out in the period of November 2020 - February 2021, in which 460 female patients participated. For the processing of the samples, urine was taken in the morning in hermetically sealed bottles which were coded for subsequent microscopic analysis once the supernatant has been centrifuged and discarded. In addition, the samples without centrifugation were seeded in Blood Agar and MacConkey to observe the bacterial growth and hemolysis. In addition, to perform the Gram stain for the identification of positive Gram or negative Gram bacteria. Finally, an antibiogram was performed by the method of Baeur-Kirby disk diffusion, inoculating colonies in Muller Hinton Agar, observing the microbial susceptibility through the measurement of microbial growth halos. As main results appear, it was obtained that 15.87% (73) of the samples were positive for urinary infection. The etiology and antimicrobial resistance profile were analyzed in which Escherichia coli was more likely to be the causative agent of urinary infections in the women from the city of Ambato, who go to the Hospital before mention. Tests for impaired sensitivity showed high percentages of strains resistant to antimicrobials, especially to Cephalexin and Ampicillin/sulbactam. It was concluded that the study manages to be an essential contribution for the rational use of medications, being a great tool for the physician treating, preventing the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobials in patients who present urinary infections and attend to the hospital unit. The implementation of a control and monitoring system is recommended to avoid the emergence of resistant bacterial strains through the proper use of medication.