Elaboración y producción de abonos orgánicos enriquecidos para su empleo en agricultura ecológica en la parroquia Calpi

Abstract

The aim of the project was the production of enriched organic fertilizers to be used in agroecological crops in Calpi parish, Chimborazo province; taking into account the control parameters of the process in order to determine the quality of the compost obtained as a final product. Three experimental piles were established in San Francisco de Cunuhuachay, Nitiluisa and Gaushi rural communities. From the field trip, it was possible to determine the raw materials to be used like cow manure, rice husks and chicken manure; this based on their availability in each rural community. This is how three initial Carbon/Nitrogen ratio options were established, selecting the one closest to the (C/N= 25) optimal standard for the three piles. This C/N ratio corresponds to the weight ratio defined for the raw materials mixture, the ratio was 3:2:1 for cow manure, husks and poultry manure, respectively. The process lasted 150 days from the initial stage, and started with the compost piles maturation process. The turns were periodic depending on their temperature and in each turn, it was necessary to take representative samples like pH, Electrical Conductivity, % Organic Matter, Germination Index, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium for the laboratory analysis. With the results obtained from the control parameters, a Fertilizer Quality Index "ICAB" = 100% equivalent to EXCELLENT was carried out for the three experimental piles. The ANOVA statistical method showed that there is no significant variability of the parameters analyzed in the different piles, which allowed the standardization of the composting process. It is recommended to implement a periodic and technical control during the composting process in order to verify that this process is carried out according to the standards established during the experimental process.