Inventario de emisiones atmosféricas del tráfico vehicular en la Ciudad de Esmeraldas

Abstract

The aim of the current research was to implement an inventory of atmospheric emissions generated by mobile sources from Esmeraldas city by 2019, this was carried out through the application of the International Vehicle Emissions Model (IVE); in addition, a spatial and temporal disintegration of such emissions was carried out. In the first stage, it was necessary to collect information through a field trip and applying surveys regarding the characteristics and composition of the automotive fleet, as well as the aspects of the area (meteorology, geography and driving patterns). In the next stage, it was necessary to register the information collected from the sample of surveyed vehicles in the IVE Model in order to calculate the emissions of the main criteria pollutants (CO, NOx, SOx, PM and VOCs) as well as greenhouse gases (CO2), the ones which were extrapolated for the whole city with the use of KVR parameter, which is the result of a vehicle flow count in different areas of the city. The results revealed that the emission for each pollutant in terms of tons per year was: 13,069.85 CO, 396.52 PM, 10.43 SOx, 1,097.87 NOx, 1,750. 67 VOCs, and 87,482.87 CO2, resulting a total of 103,808.20 tons per year. Regarding the spatial and temporal disintegration, it was determined that the main polluted areas are the downtown and "Las Palmas" pier, while the highest vehicular emission hours were between 10 and 11 am and 5 pm. It was concluded that cabs, motorcycles and automobiles produce most of the atmospheric emissions, in addition to the fact that the city produces a 61% of the total emissions of the county compared to the emissions obtained in 2010. It is recommended to develop an input information database of the IVE model to facilitate the calculation of vehicle emissions in future research.