Dinámica espacial de la cobertura de ribera de la zona de influencia del río Chambo

Abstract

The aim of the research is to evaluate the spatial dynamics of the river bank coverage in the influence area of Chambo River, specifically in the area of the river source (upper middle basin), from 2,500 to 3,000 meters above sea level. For its implementation, Landsat 7 images 2000, RapidEye 2009 and Spot 6 2019 are used in two periods: 2000-2009 and 2009-2019, which are exposed to supervised classification applying the maximum likelihood algorithm, identifying five types of ground cover like grass, crops, soil-moorland remnant, forest, and anthropic; The results of the classification are validated by calculating precision measures and kappa index. With the use of cross-tabulation matrices, the gains, losses and persistence are identified in the two periods studied. It is evidenced that during the first study period, the soil-moorland remnant coverage presents the highest loss percentage (26.70%), the crop cover represents the highest percentage of gain (28.91%), and during the second period the crop type presents the highest loss percentages (18.94%) and gains (17.29%). The map projection of the area for 2030 applying the MOLUSCE methodology, predicts that the areas with anthropic category will increase by 1.27%, the forest will decrease by 1.19%, the soil-moorland remnant will gain 0.79%, crop and pasture coverage will decrease by 0.45% and 0.43% respectively. The results obtained allow the transitions between coverage to be attributed to population growth, afforestation, reforestation, deforestation and agricultural activities, volcanic eruptions, land colonization and expansion of agricultural activity. Complementary studies involving livelihoods and water quality are recommended in order to facilitate the identification of vulnerable areas to propose adaptation, prevention and/or restoration measures.