Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas para el diagnóstico de fallas en sistemas mecánicos por desalineamientos en acoples flexibles mediante análisis comparativo de espectros de vibración

Abstract

The objective of this work is to design and build a test bench for the diagnosis of failures in mechanical systems due to misalignments in flexible couplings through comparative analysis of vibration spectra. For this the conceptual design was used evaluating alternatives that meet the needs of the students in the Mechanics career, the solution is focused on the easy equipment operation and to make the practice satisfactorily. The proposed equipment consists of: a base for the motor, a flexible grid-type coupling, a rigid coupling, a short shaft, a long shaft, two split bearings and two balancing discs, each of the parts were designed and selected complying with the requirements and design parameters for its correct operation. To obtain the data, tests were carried out with the equipment misaligned and aligned to compare the vibration spectra in both cases. Tests were carried out at three speeds: 1500, 2000 and 2500 rpm. A TKSA 11 axis aligner was used for the alignment and a CMDT 390 collector was used for data collection. During the practice with the misaligned equipment, vibration spectra with high amplitudes with RMS velocity values of up to 6 mm / s were observed. Temperatures of 55 ° C, when performing the vibration diagnosis, spectra related to angular and parallel misalignment and bent axis were determined. It is concluded that at higher operating speed the vibration spectrum grows, increasing its value of RMS speed, temperature, and noise, reaching unsatisfactory and unacceptable vibration qualities. When aligning the equipment these values decrease drastically obtaining good and satisfactory vibration qualities. It is recommended to carry out tests using other types of flexible couplings at different speeds to be able to appreciate the behavior of the vibration spectrum and how it influences the machine.