Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas para el diagnóstico de fallas en sistemas de transmisión por engranes de tipo recto y helicoidal mediante análisis comparativo de espectros vibracionales

Abstract

The objective of this project was to design and build a test bench for diagnosing faults in straight and helical gear transmission systems, it is presented as a feasible project in technical, technological and application terms. The problem was addressed with the use of research tools, definition of requirements and proposal of solutions for which the QFD methodology has been implemented to analyze performance, usability, cost and finally the design to conceptualize the development of the team. The fault diagnosis was carried out through comparative analysis of vibrational spectra, which was obtained using an SKF QuickCollect sensor data collector which provides the data to form the graph of the vibrational spectrum (amplitude vs frequency) and the operating temperature of the equipment in real time. Thus, looking for patterns and trends in the spectra obtained in the respective tests with gears in good condition and with induced failure, to compare with the Charlotte charts. It allowed characterizing the type of failure that occurs in the gears, resulting in the gears with induced failure, in the spur pinion to the failure of tooth wear and in the case of the helical pinion to the failure of the starred or broken tooth. It is concluded that in the graphs obtained with these pinions, lateral bands were observed at the meshing frequency, which are important characteristics to identify that there is damage in the gears. It is recommended to record at least three readings in each position of the corresponding flanges, so that the difference can be visualized when obtaining the data in the flanges where the input shaft is mounted with the output shaft.