Propuesta de reducción de gases contaminantes atmosféricos mediante la optimización de la red de transporte público de autobuses en la ciudad de Riobamba

Abstract

The objective of this research was to develop a proposal to reduce atmospheric polluting gases, by optimizing the public transport network of buses in Riobamba to improve the scope of urban mobility in the city through the application of operations engineering. For which the problems of the city's public bus transportation routes were identified and the amount of polluting gases emitted into the environment was evaluated. The implementation of a new route distribution in urban transport for optimal mobilization was carried out using the ArcGIS 10.4.1 software and its specialized complement in vehicular routing "Network Analyst". The synthesis methodology began with the specific identification of the problem, followed by an extensive bibliographic search in which the background of the research was raised. The emission factors that are used to calculate the environmental pollution in Riobamba and the equation for the emission of polluting gases were identified according to the available variables. The previous and real data of the research granted by the municipality of Riobamba on the current routes of public transport, and the routes proposed by the GADR in the 2019 Mobility Plan were considered. The feasibility of this research was presented through the surveys carried out to drivers and users of public transport (buses). A total of 16 iterative processes were carried out, obtaining the solution with the greatest benefits, the environmental contamination was calculated in annual tons for the existing transport. A comparative analysis was carried out between the annual contamination of the current routes, the routes proposed by the GADR and the routes proposed in the present investigation, resulting in a reduction of 13% of environmental contamination compared to the current contamination of buses with a total of 1,595.76 tons per year reduced.