Diseño y construcción de un péndulo para realizar ensayos de impacto en componentes y materiales de aplicaciones automotrices

Abstract

For several years in the country there have been traffic accidents that cause human losses, due to this situation many automotive companies in some countries have implemented collision tests to improve their automotive design and the selection of materials with better mechanical properties. Considering this situation, the design and construction of equipment that can be used to carry out those tests in a practical way was proposed in structural elements that are used for the construction of automotive components such as bodyworks, cabins, bumpers, etc. At the national level, when the equipment was developed, the conceptual design process was applied. The requirements provided by the ECE R-29 standard and the needs demanded by users were analyzed using a list of requirements to thus select the most suitable option that meets these demands. Thus, it was proceed to the construction of the chosen equipment after making an appropriate selection, resulting in a team that has a maximum capacity of 2000kg. It is composed of a structure that works under a demand factor capacity of 0.5 in the impactor having as general dimensions 5m in height and 2.8m in width, the dimensions of the impactor are 2.5m in width and 0.8m in height, with a main axis that gives the angular movement that works with a safety factor of 1.7. For the validation of the model, several static and dynamic simulations were carried out using software. The validation of the built equipment was carried out by means of a data comparison between the simulation of the test with data from the physical test, the percentage error of 3.38% was determined. It was asserted that the equipment will deliver reliable results.