Efectos biológicos y método de control de microorganismos patógenos con radiación ionizante gamma en Chenopodium quinoa

Abstract

The objective of this research work was to review the biological effects on plant cells caused by gamma ionising radiation and related to a method of control of pathogenic microorganisms in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Applications of gamma ionising radiation in agriculture were identified. The effects of gamma radiation are manifested at the genetic level and in the phenotype caused by the direct interaction of photons with DNA and indirectly by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plants are radio resistant species because they activate antioxidant enzymes to counteract oxidative stress, maintain genomic stability as polyploid organisms, inhibit mutations and repair DNA damage by homologous recombination. The adverse or beneficial effects of in vivo exposure depend on the dose rate delivered and plant characteristics such as species, tissue structure, developmental stage, and genome. The potential use of quinoa, an Andean grain with high nutritional qualities and resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, was also reviewed. To obtain reliable and quality scientific literature, a data mining algorithm was adapted in Google Colab based on Phyton. Based on the review, the control of pathogenic microorganisms in the most radiation resistant quinoa plants could be effected by the effect of ROS production, the same mechanism used by plants to kill fungal pathogens. In vitro experiments are recommended to measure pathogen radio sensitivity, evaluate anti-oxidative enzymes in quinoa and improve the genetic variety of Ecuadorian quinoa. Gamma ionising radiation applied to agriculture has the potential for genetic improvement and is the solution to the problems faced in this area, which has been little explored in Ecuador.