Diseño del sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la empresa Ecuacauchos ubicada en el cantón Riobamba

Abstract

A wastewater treatment system was designed for the company "Ecuacauchos" located in the city of Riobamba, in order to comply with environmental regulations and obtain treated water with parameters within the TULSMA permissible limits, Official Registry Ministerial Agreement N. 028 TABLE 11, discharge limits to public sewage. Because in the process of obtaining the rubber bag (bleris), the processes in which there is contamination of the water are the cooling and washing of the bleris, with greater contamination in the washing. Three samples were taken from the aforementioned processes, one for each month (January, February, March); The physical-chemical characterization allowed to identify the following parameters that are outside the range according to the Effluent Discharge Environmental Quality Standard: pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Settling Solids, Total Solids, Sulfides, Sulfates, Zinc, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand. Treatability tests were analyzed using the jarra test method with Poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and anionic flocculant. By identifying the design variables, the equipment was sized according to the physical- chemical treatments of the wastewater, which are: Distribution Channel, Homogenization Tank, Primary Settler, Flocculation and Coagulation Tank, Secondary settler, Aeration Tank and Filter of granulated components. The selected design was validated with the results of the final characterization of the wastewater and the average removal percentages of the parameters of the three samples: Conductivity 85.57%, Turbidity 99.03%, Total Solids 81.70%, Sedimentable Solids 97.56%, Sulphides 99.75%, Sulfates 53.55%, Zinc 86.20%, Biochemical Demand of Oxygen 96.41% and Chemical Oxygen Demand 98.29%. It is recommended to implement the wastewater treatment system, thus avoiding continuing to discharge contaminated water from the cooling and washing stages.