Estudio comparativo de las propiedades físicas y químicas del carbón activo (C.A), activado por diversos métodos de funcionalización, proveniente del residuo de Solanum tuberosum

Abstract

The objective of this project is to study the physical and chemical properties of C.A activated by various functionalization methods from the residue of solanum tuberosum for the evaluation of the most optimal treatment for the functionalization or activation of carbon. The charcoal was obtained through the slow pyrolysis process with a heating rate of 7 ° C / min at a temperature of 450 ° C for 60 minutes. The method used to activate the carbon was the chemical one with the use of 4 activating reagents, Phosphoric Acid 85% 3: 1 (activator: carbon), Zinc Chloride 40% 2: 1, Iron Chloride 20 % 3: 1, Potassium Hydroxide 10% 4: 1. Each treatment had the stage of impregnation, agitation, conditioning, heating, filtration, drying and storage. The characterization of the raw material gave as results 10.70% Moisture, 17.94% Ash, 40.45% Fixed Carbon and 3.30% Nitrogen. Activated carbon was characterized by spectroscopy analysis, in the FT-IR functional groups were observed among the reagents used these are Amines, ketones, aldehydes, anhydrous groups, alkyl groups and in the treatment with Phosphoric Acid, R-OH groups were identified that improve the quality of activated carbon. In the SEM analysis, clear images were visualized that revealed a heterogeneous surface with a visible porosity of the carbon subjected to chemical activation. The SEM-EDS study indicates that in the treatment with Phosphoric Acid there is a higher percentage of oxygen, the percentage was 55.82%, which indicates a greater amount of linked functional groups that improve the adsorption property of carbon. Based on the results obtained. It is concluded that the most optimal treatment for carbon activation is with Phosphoric Acid. Also, it is recommended to add an adsorption analysis to the study to corroborate the effectiveness of the carbon activation treatment.