Evaluación del uso racional de antibióticos en pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de COVID-19 en la Clínica Colonial, Quito.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the rational use of antibiotics in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Clínica Colonial de Quito, during the period June-November 2020. The study was non-experimental, retrospective and descriptive, where 115 medical records that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed, identifying that 73.9% of those infected were men and 26.1% women, the diagnosis with the highest recurrence for the admission was pneumonia due to COVID-19 and respiratory failure with 59.1%, the worsening condition in its majority was arterial hypertension with 27% and followed by diabetes mellitus 21.6%. On the other hand, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomona aeruginosa were identified in endotracheal tubes and eschar from seven patients. To treat confirmed or suspected superinfections / sepsis, piperacillin / tazobactam (40.8%) was administered in combination with amikacin, thus obtaining a broader spectrum of action. The determination of problems and negative results associated with the medication was fundamental, finding 34 medical records with inconveniences, exposing a total of 37 cases, 29 problems of erroneous administration causing non-quantitative ineffectiveness (RNM3), six dose problems and days of treatment outside of the referential, which generated quantitative insecurity (RNM6) and finally two cases of (RNM5) non-quantitative insecurity were detected as a result of drug interactions. Establishing that, in 70.4% of the cases analyzed, the prescribed antibiotics were used correctly. It is important to carry out an analysis on the rationalization of drugs, especially antibacterial, thus contributing to reduce the problem of resistance to antibiotics, thus justifying the role of the pharmacist in reviewing the prescription, dispensing and pharmaceutical care, to ensure the objective of the patient.