Depuración de agua contaminada con hidrocarburos en el Río Rumiyacu, mediante humedales artificiales en la provincia de Francisco de Orellana.

Abstract

The construction of artificial wetlands for the water treatment from water bodies such as the “Rumiyacu” River, has the purpose of reducing organic and inorganic pollutants from lotic ecosystems through primary processes, such as sedimentation, enzymatic degradation, absorption and volatilization of compounds. For this, in this bioremediation process, plant species (grasses) of the area were used, such as: Echynochloa polystachya, Pennisetum purpureum, Panicum máximum, and Arvenses sp. The water f low (0.58 m3/s) was determined by the f loat method, and using composite sampling (aliquots) the wetlands were designed. The statistical test of analysis of variances was applied to determine the species with the highest removal of pollutants such as: nickel, iron, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total coliforms and total oil hydrocarbons. As a whole, the removal of contaminating loads represents 44.53%, depending on the different efficiencies of ach species ineach parameter. Therefore, the tributaries of the river should be monitored and environmentally evaluated.