Evaluación del uso racional de antibióticos en el área de cirugía del Hospital Provincial General Docente de Riobamba

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the rational use of antibiotics in adult patients of the surgery service at the Provincial General Hospital of Riobamba (HPGDR), belonging to Riobamba canton, Chimborazo province, in the period December 2019 - February 2020. The evaluation was carried out by means of analyzing the medical records of patients who received antibiotic treatment. Non-antibacterial drugs were classified according to their anatomical group in the National Table of Basic Medicines and antibiotics by their therapeutic subgroup; Furthermore, drug-related problems (DRPs) involving antibiotics were identified, as well as the economic losses that led to the misuse of this type of drugs. The subgroup of other antibacterials and beta-lactams (J01D) were the anti-infectives for systemic use with the highest prevalence in the service (29.2%), the most prescribed antibiotics were cefazolin (21.7%), ampicillin + sulbactam (20.8 %), ciprofloxacin (16.8%) and metronidazole (15.1%); 3 types of DRP were identified in this research: prescription errors (5.8%), inappropriate dose, instruction and / or duration (1.6%), and interactions, the latter being the most prevalent representing the (92 , 6%) of DRPs. Although the majority of interactions were mild (73.9%), in the same way we found moderate (20.5%) and severe (5.7%) interactions that were clinically significant for the treated patients. In the same way, the economic cost of losses for the hospital due to improperly used antibiotics was calculated, which was $ 113.80 taking into account our population. It was determined that there was no rational use of antibiotics during the analysis period, due to the fact that different types of DRP were found that involved antibiotics that not only caused economic losses, but were also possible causes of adverse effects in treated patients; they would have been avoided by having greater control over the therapeutic protocols of service.