Diseño y construcción de una máquina de torsión para ensayos de polímeros

Abstract

The objective of this technical project was to design and build a polymer torsion testing machine. The collection of bibliographic material determined the design parameters, mainly the maximum capacity established at 15 N.m. The concurrent design methodology was used, generating an analysis of selection of alternatives through the elaboration of the quality house. The control system consists of Arduino Mega and Arduino UNO microcontrollers. The power system consists of a NEMA 23 M1233061 motor and a NRV030 speed reducer. The measurement of variables is carried out by means of a rotational encoder FC-03 and a Lorentz flange-type torque sensor. The Nextion NX8048T050 screen allows viewing of results. The mechanical components were designed and calculated theoretically, complemented by modeling in SolidWorks software and with analysis by the finite element method using ANSYS. Through the procedure for machining processes and assembly course, the equipment was built. With the calibration of the sensors, a percentage relative error of 0.95% was determined for the torsion sensor and 0.35% for the angular deformation sensor. Three tests were carried out on three different materials: nylon, acrylic and PLA, determining the maximum torsional stress and the modulus of rigidity. The analysis of the type of fracture checks whether the material exhibits a ductile or brittle behavior. It is concluded that the design methodology used is valid since it presents a systematic procedure, looking for the best alternatives and optimizing the required processes. The machine presents satisfactory results with a reliability of 95%. It is recommended to use the test guide for a correct operation of the machine. Also, delve into research on virtual testing and remote machine control.