Modelo matemático estocástico para diagnosticar calidad de agua y sedimentos en zonas influenciadas por la actividad petrolera en la provincia de Orellana.

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to define the stochastic mathematical model to determine the quality of water and sediment in areas affected by oil activity in Orellana province so, it was necessary to collect data from 24 active monitoring points located in the province. These points provided information related to sediment, except Culebra Mini station since it did not have any data corresponding to the period 2015 – 2019. The concentrations of non-conservative compounds under study such as Cadmium, Nickel, Lead and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons were registered through descriptive statistics and it was possible to determine the primary tributaries: Napo River and secondary tributaries: Payamino, Coca, Jivino, Huamayacu, Blanco and Sacha River. For the implementation of the mathematic model SWAT modeling was used, the results were: Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) represented a higher sedimentation range with a concentration from 18704.4 to 90080 mg/ha in most micro watersheds, with regard to Nickel (Ni) sedimentation, the values were from 1332.68 to 1512.34 mg/ha with a higher concentration in micro watersheds located in the north and central-east areas; on the other hand, the concentration values of Lead (Pb) were from 269.948 to 323.55 mg/ha in micro watersheds located in the north area. Finally Cadmium (Cd) is the pollutant with a lower sedimentation, it reflects a concentration from 49.49 to 187.88 mg/ha, consequently it is established that the data obtained exceed the load capacity, this supposes a virtual cumulation of such pollutants analyzed in the rivers, thus it is recommended to establish an environmental management plan for the treatment and control of hydrocarbon emissions caused by the oil activity in Orellana province through the actions of the authorities concerned.