Evaluación del uso racional de antibióticos en pacientes con infecciones respiratorias agudas del área de emergencia del Hospital Básico Yerovi Mackuart, Salcedo – Cotopaxi

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rational use of antibiotics in patients with acute respiratory infections in the emergency area of the Hospital Básico Yerovi Mackuart. Salcedo - Cotopaxi, during the period January-March 2020, by means of a nonexperimental, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. descriptive, crosssectional and retrospective study, reviewing information corresponding to the emergency form 008 together with medical prescriptions, registering 313 paediatric patients from 0 to 6 years of age. patients aged 0 to 6 years, who met the inclusion criteria a data collection form was designed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS statistical software for tabulation and analysis. The following were considered: antibiotic indication, dose-frequency and time of administration based on the therapeutic protocol of the Ministerio de Salud based on the therapeutic protocol of the Ministerio de Salud Pùblica; to catalogue the suspicions of negative results associated the Tercer Conceso de Granada for the cataloguing of suspected negative results associated with drugs (RNM). In the results showed that 71.6% of the population corresponded to pre-schoolers aged 2 to 6 years, and that upper respiratory infections were more frequent, in contrast to lower respiratory infections; these were acute rhinopharyngitis (34.5%), acute tonsillitis (28.1%) and acute pharyngitis (22.4%). The antibiotics with the highest rotation were: amoxicillin (54.1%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (33.7%) and clarithromycin (6.5%). and clarithromycin (6.8%). In addition, the use of drugs for symptom control was recorded in the prescriptions, with ibuprofen being the most common. control of symptoms, with ibuprofen (41.7%) and paracetamol (40.7%) being the main drugs used. Seventy-seven percent of the prescriptions were adequate, while 23% were inadequate. 77 suspected negative results associated with the use of antibiotics were identified, the most frequent being the RNM of quantitative insecurity (59.7%), followed by RNM of unnecessary drug effect (36.4%), and quantitative ineffectiveness (3.9%). It is recommended to reduce the use of antibiotics in order to avoid bacterial resistance and to avoid prescribing antibiotics in pathologies that do not warrant it is based on the aetiology.