Técnicas de aprovechamiento ambiental establecidas a través del estudio de caracterización de los residuos agroindustriales de la parroquia San Andrés

Abstract

The purpose of the current project is to prevent or mitigate the environmental impacts from agroindustrial activities carried out in San Andrés Parish when determining the use techniques according to the physicochemical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of organic waste generated. The chemical characterization of 20 samples coming from agricultural and livestock activities was carried out as well as a bibliographic research of the physiochemical and microbiological characteristics of serum produced by the dairy industry in Ecuador. For the physicochemical characterization, it was necessary to carry out analyses on the percentage of organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity and germination index. The characteristics obtained for lactoserum are: lactose from 4,41% to 4,97%, fat from 0,27 to 1,5%, protein from 0,30 to 86% and protein which pH tends to be slightly acidic (6,4 to 6,7); these values are described in the bibliography. The analyses carried out for horticulture and livestock waste reflect a high percentage of organic matter (47-90%), pH was acidic (5,5 to 6,2) for horticulture waste and slightly acid and neutral (6,7 to 7,3) for livestock waste, the CE was high for horticulture waste (1 to 9 dS cm-1 ); on the other hand, the CE obtained for livestock was less in that class of waste (0,7-5 dS cm-1 );the IG obtained was low for horticulture waste, except AG-01 that obtained an IG close to 80%, and for livestock waste, the IG obtained was (2 to 46%). Due to the characteristics obtained in the waste, it is concluded that the most appropriate treatment techniques could be composting, vermicomposting or anaerobic digestion; either in the obtention of organic amendments for recycling nutrients or in the generation of renewable energy sources. It is recommended not to place these wastes directly on the ground without any previous treatment, due to the environmental impacts that can be caused in water, ground and air resources.