Seguimiento clínico de pacientes con nutrición parenteral total del Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital Regional Vicente Corral Moscoso de Cuenca.

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to identify the most frequent complications and the evolution of the weight of newborns who received parenteral nutrition in the neonatology service of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital in Cuenca through clinical follow-up. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a beneficial and safe therapy, which is not without complications, however, the benefits outweigh the risks when administered to neonates, providing essential nutrients for their growth and weight gain. A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was carried out in neonates who received parenteral nutrition from January to December 2016, obtaining the following results. 70% (N = 35/50) of the sample was represented by preterm newborns<37 weeks small for gestational age with low weight. The main infectious complication was edema with 20% and as a mechanical complication the rupture of the catheter with 12%. Metabolic complications represented 46% (N = 24/50), of which glucose and potassium alterations were 39% followed by hypercalcemia and hyponatremia with 30% and 5% alterations in liver enzymes. The contribution of amino acids was deficient of 2.5 g / kg / day compared to the recommended one, which is 3.5 - 4 g / kg / day. The average weight gain was 6 ± 5.5 g / kg / day lower than an optimal weight gain of 15 g / kg / day. With the results obtained, it is concluded that it is necessary to update the parenteral nutritional protocol in the Neonatal Unit, ensuring an adequate supply of nutrients and an efficient clinical response that reduce complications and allow optimal weight gain.