Análisis y estudio de las emisiones contaminantes de una unidad Euro I, Euro II, Euro III, del transporte urbano de la ciudad de Riobamba

Abstract

In the present research work, particulate matter emissions were taken in three urban transport units that have diesel engines in the city if Riobamba. Data collection was with a portable gas analyzer generating MP2.5 particulate matter values directly proportional to time. The vehicles were selected from the urban transport cooperative ¨Puruhá¨. choosing the Hino brand from the vehicle fleet. On the chosen route, coverage was obtained from both the downtown and peripheral urban sectors, where the vehicular and pedestrian influx is considerable throughout the day. A non-experimental study was carried out obtaining real operating values of the transport units, allowing us to know that the factors with the highest incidence present in the contamination were: the driving mode, the time in which it circulated and the number of users on the bus. It was verified that the unit with old technology (Euro I) had the highest amount of particulate matter, on the other hand, the unit equipped with Euro II expelled the least emission of polluting gases because the owner had moderate driving. While the Euro III unit emitted more pollution to the environment than Euro II, due to the abrupt accelerations that the unit had, bringing with it a high level of contamination. Finally, it was possible to conclude that the peripheral area of the city was the most affected by pollution due to the high speeds at which the unit’s transit, however, in the downtown area of the city in times of greater vehicular influx, certain units intensified the loads exerted to the engine generating a greater amount of particulate material, which is even visible to the naked eye.