Incidencia del cambio climático en las emisiones de PM 2.5 por resuspensión eólica en la provincia de Chimborazo

Abstract

The development of the degree work had the objective of analyzing the climatic variability and plant cover corresponding to the years of 1985 and 2017 in the Chimborazo province, which generates the biogenic emissions of this pollutant, so a WRAP mathematical model was used and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The mathematical models allowed determining that in the year of 1985 the months with the highest temperature were March and April with 17.24 degree Celsius, while in 2017 the month with the highest temperature was November with 14.24 degree Celsius; this was attributed to the fact that the La Niña phenomenon occurred between October 1984 and until June 1985. As well as this being affected by the said phenomenon, the radiation is less in 1985, being the month of September with the highest incidence 18.55 Watts/m2, while 2017 there is an increase in radiation in the month of December of 24.7 Watts / m2, due to the albedo produced by vegetation cover and glacial bodies, the latter takes on great relevance in the geographical and seasonal distribution of radiation due to its disappearance in recent years, wind speed and wind direction were also affected presenting a maximum speed of 3.74 m/s in the direction west-east in June 1985, while in July 2017 presented a maximum of 3.66 m/s SE(south-east). Regarding the change in coverage, according to the MAE-MAGAP classification, it is observed that in 1985 the Agricultural Land covered 2,179.8 km2 (36.77%), while in 2017 there is a notable advance in the agricultural frontier, being the coverage of Agricultural Land of 2609.5 km2 (44.02%) despite the protection that exists towards conservation lands and high paramo. Based on the results and the analysis of the variables, the level of incidence of climate change in PM2.5 emissions from wind resuspension in the Chimborazo province was determined in the period of 1985 and 2017, with the increase of the agricultural frontier is the main factor of direct influence, as well as natural phenomena that occurs at certain times such as the La Niña phenomenon. The research recommends highlighting the environmental or cartographic modeling in (SIG) during the career of Environmental Engineer since there are not many investigations in Ecuador about this type of study.