Formulación y control de calidad de emulsiones aceite/agua a base de saponinas aisladas de Chenopodium Quinoa Willd

Abstract

The present investigation aimed at formulating oil/water emulsions based on isolated saponins of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and quality control. The emulsifying capacity was tested at concentrations from 2, 4 and 7,5 % of saponins and sapogenins obtained by acid hydrolysis in ethanol, methanol and water, performing the emulsifying capacity with oil and water in different proportions. Then, 39 oil/water emulsions were formulated by calculating the HLB, limits allowed by the FDA, from which 5 formulations were submitted to the control of their physical and organoleptic properties. These formulations were taken to a stability chamber with conditions of 40ºC and 65% HR to monitor physical stability through accelerated testing for 33 days. In the emulsifying capacity tests, the hydrolyzed sapogenins in methanol and water at 7.5% showed homogeneous and consistent emulsions. For the formulation of the emulsions, a mixture of surfactants was used (sugar ester, saponin, and sapogenin) that gave rise to the required for the emulsions equivalent to 12-13, being considered a wetting type system. The saponins and sapogenins act as an active principle because according to the literature they have anti-inflammatory, cellular regenerating and antimicrobial properties. The concentration used to obtain this HLB of saponins and sapogenins was 0-0,7% w/w and 0-0.6 % w/w correspondingly in the 5 formulations. When reviewing the physical and organoleptic parameters in the recently developed formulations and at the end of the accelerated stability study, formulation 4 was chosen as the optimal one for presenting adequate extensibility, pleasant appearance to the user and a compatible pH with the skin surface. Toxicological studies are recommended for the safety evaluation of the formulation.