Uso racional de antibióticos en el servicio de hospitalización de pediatria del Hospital Básico Publio Escobar del cantón Colta durante el periodo enero – diciembre 2018

Abstract

The main objective of this degree work was to evaluate the rational use of antibiotics in the pediatric hospitalization service of the Basic Hospital Pablo Escobar. The design was used as a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective type where 1.098 clinical records were collected from hospitalized patients during the period January-December 2018, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria a sample of 177 clinical records belonging to pediatric patients. Immediately the demographic variables age, gender, pathology with the highest prevalence in hospital admissions, and the most prescribed group of antibiotics were quantified. Finally, the antibiotic scheme was correlated with the therapeutic protocol of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador (MSP) to verify if there was compliance with it. As a result of this initiative was identified of which some 46.9% corresponded to pediatric patients are breastfeeding. The highest prevalent conditions were respiratory tract infections 39.5%, with Bronchopneumonia being the main cause of hospitalization with 36.7%. Among the antibiotics with the highest prescription was ampicillin thus a 41.2% and ceftriaxone with 23.4%. While 56% have received monotherapy treatment are used for long-term treatments. Then it has been observed 60% of prescriptions were not adjusted to antibiotics suggested in the protocol issued by the Public Health Ministry of which 24.3% were not justified. Similarly, both dosage and administration time were analyzed. Concluding that irrational use of antibiotics occurred in the Pablo Escobar Basic Hospital is suggested to promote the use of therapeutic protocols and implement adequate antibiotic management policies to encourage and rational use at heath units of the Public Health Ministry.