Curtición orgánica de pieles bovinas utilizando diferentes niveles de ácido húmico y Caesalpinia spinosa para cuero de marroquinería.

Abstract

The objective of this research project was to establish the quality of Tara tanned bovine hides (Caesalpinia spinosa) in combination with humic acid. The experimental units used were 20 bovine skins divided into 4 treatments with 5 repetitions each, each treatment differs in the addition of different percentages of Tara and humic acid, to which a Completely Simple Random Design was applied. The best results of the physical-mechanical tests: tensile strength (2,892.92 N / cm2), percentage of elongation (68%) and lastometry (9.81 mm) were reported when tanning with 15% Tara + 0% humic acid. Regarding the sensory ratings of bovine hides, fullness and grain size values of 4.8 points are reported, respectively, when tanned with 0% Tare + 15% humic acid, and for softness corresponds to the treatment of 15% Tare + 0% of Humic acid with a value of 4.8 points, considered of "excellent" quality according to the rating scale according to Hidalgo (2017). When determining the analyzes of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), values higher than the permissible limits for all the treatments applied were obtained. In terms of economics, the costs were 0.17 - 0.18 USD / dm2 for leather produced generating profitable production. Due to the aforementioned, the results obtained indicate the possibility of tanning bovine leather with Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) in combination with humic acid to obtain better sensory results, having a viable alternative to tan bovine hides without chromium, complying with the characteristics and specifications. required by the European markets for export, as well as generating lower production costs and higher profitability for the tannery, the "ALCE".