Obtención de emulsionantes a partir de saponina de Quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) por reacciones de esterificación para uso cosmético.

Abstract

The objetive was to produce emulsifiers from quinoa saponin (Chenopodium quinoa) by esterification reactions for cosmetic use, with the purpose of using the large amount of waste that originated in the scarification process that separates the bitter episperm from the grain, generating a residue rich in saponins called “mojuelo”, these saponins have an apolar parto or called sapogenins, of triterpenic nature, such as oleanolic acid, to wich pharmacological and cosmetic properties are attributed. Saponin was extracted, wich was hydrolyzed and esterified in acidic médium by reflux to obtain sapogenin. The esterification was done for 6 hours, then the flocculation time and sapogenin yield were determined. Whit the sapogenin extracted, 72 trials were carried out following the emulsion methodology such as: the stirring time of 2 minutes, a temperature of 85% °C and with two components of 4% and 7.5% sapogenin; in this way determine the best emulsifier taking into account an established range of 1 to 4 where it indicates whether emission was zero, low, médium, mediaum high and high. To identify the different compounds, thin layer chromatograpy was performed with Silica gel plates usig vanillin-5% H2SO4 developers and 1% blood, infrared spectrophotometry (IR) and phytochemical screening. The best performance in sapogenin extraction was methanol esterification at 15 hours of rest having 79%. The frequency ranges (Rf) of thin layer chromatograpy (TCL) were 0,68; 0,60 and 0.22 wich according to literatura corresponds to sapogenins. Finally, it was concluted that the best emulsifier was with sapogenin extracted with methanol, where it had an emulsion level 4, which is equivalent to a high emulsion formation, it is recommended to identify the structure of the esterified and hydrolyzed sapogenin with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass spectrophotometry (MS).