Caracterización y análisis de espectros de vibración de un motor turbo cargado en el taller de Ingeniería Automotriz.

Abstract

The objective of this research project was to analyze vibration spectra in a turbochrged engine, which are generated in a gasolina internal combustion engine due to breakdowns, which are a method to diagnose the failures in the components of any rotary machines, and that is part of the predictive maintenance. For which it began with the review of state of the art, then a Megasquirt III was implemented to optimize the turbocharged engine. The gas anaysis was done to verify the programming of the Megasquirt and that the motor is working inside of the gas emissions range allowed by environmental regulations. Then the reference points placed in the engine to take the data samles in optimal conditions. Then, the faults were simulated using the Megasquirt, and the data of the vibration spectra at 1500 rpm and 2000 rpm of the turbocharged engine were recorded. Also, the simulated fault spectra in the engine are defined and described because each component produces vibrations with a specific frequency. Finally, the data obtained were analyzed and compared to make a diagnosis of the turbocharged engine and determine the defective part or system analyzing the magnitude of the vibration. Based on this, it was concluded that the characteristic spectra of the different components could diagnose electrical and mechanical failures of an engine. Therefore, it is recommended to implement this method in the predictive maintenance of car.