Diseño y construcción de una máquina prototipo para fabricación de platos biodegradables a partir de biomasa.

Abstract

The present work aimed to design and build a prototype machine for the manufacture of Biodegradable dishes from agricultural biomass (palm yagua, guadua cane bark, composite material and banana leaf), which is functional, suitable for the food consumption and environmentally friendly consumption. First, an analysis of three alternatives was carried out considering the criteria of the user and that of the engineer, that said, a solution was chosen in which the design of the machine consists of a semi-automatic ignition system, a matrix heating system by means of electrical resistors, a pneumatic drive system for forming and for cutting the edges of the plate by means of a punching process. In the design of details, the work force was calculated through forming processes, with the help of SolidWoks software where the components were modeled and sized, thus verifying their resistance and safety factor by means of the Ansys finite element method. The next phase is the construction of the machine, the structure was assembled with the steel material A36, the embutition and cutting dies made on a CNC lathe whose material is M304 food grade, then the pneumatic cylinder was selected and finally the pneumatic cylinder was made control panel installation. The results obtained are satisfactory both in the design and construction of the machine, as well as in the forming of the plates. Through trials it was concluded that the best alternative is palm yagua since it provides greater mechanical strength and good permeability. A strict control of temperature and pressing time is recommended for each type of biomass, established in the results phase.