Obtención de biofilm a partir del almidón de Zanahoria Blanca (Arracacia xanthorrhiza) y de Camote (Ipomoea batatas) como alternativa al uso de material plástico derivado de petróleo.

Abstract

The research had as objective to extract biofilms from white carrot and sweet potato to use them as a food coating. Wet starch was extracted obtaining a yield of 10.6% for white carrot starch and 14.8% for sweet potato starch, starch tests were performed based on the INEN 1456 standard, favorable results were obtained, which are within the established norm. Preliminary tests were carried out to determine the appropriate conditions for making biofilms and they are: drying time 3 hours at 60 ° C, 20-40% of starch and between 12-16% of plasticizer is needed for the formation of sweet potato biofilms. Physical and mechanical tests were also carried out on the biofilms where an average thickness of 0.2mm was obtained, solubility obtaining 68% and 61% of it for white carrot and sweet potato biofilms, respectively, biodegradability is required for a period of 25-30 days so that the biofilms are degraded and this converts them into compostable plastics according to what is established in the INEN 2643 standard. Finally, steam permeability tests were performed based on the ASTMD1653-93 standard, of which the three with the lowest permeability were chosen to determine these traction properties INEN 2635, the concentrations with better properties were C3A for sweet potato and Z1C for white carrot. C3A has a modulus of elasticity of 5.985MPa, maximum effort 1.89MPa and Z1C with modulus of elasticity of 5.820MPa, maximum effort 0.54MPa these results are lower than results obtained in other investigations due to the percentage of amylose present in starches for improving these properties must be modified by physical and chemical methods.