Implementación de un prototipo de instrumentación electromecánico para medición de fuerza de tracción horizontal en fibras vegetales.

Abstract

In this work an electro-mechanic prototype was implemented that allowed us to study the horizontal traction tests in vegetables fibers. Each one of the followed stages for the implementation of the prototype is described. In the first place, it was established the theoretical aspects referring to the mechanical tests, and how the equipment’s of mechanicals tests are constituted. The main physical parameter taken into account was the level of traction, the same that determines the maximum capacity that handles the specimen when applying the axial force over a side of the material, producing a deformation and eventually a rupture of the material under study. So then, the measurement of this parameter contributes to determine the behavior and shape of the specimen. It was developed the structural design, electronic, and of the algorism of control (firmware). Then, it was done the selection of the mechanical elements, electrical, and electronics based on the design criteria. For the module of amplification of the analog signal emitted for the cell of charge of 1 kg, it was used an operational amplifierAD620. The analog signal is received for a development card STM32 Nucleus F446RE, having in its internal structure an analog-digital converter of 12 bits that allows to improve the precision of data reading. The linear displacement of the crosshead was made by the action of a Nema 17 stepper motor. The graphical interface presents a friendly and interactive environment that allows visualizing the measurable parameters of force, effort and deformation, the Stress-Time curve, store information and issue alert messages. The characterization of the sensor allows knowing the force applied in the traction study. Traction tests were carried out on vegetable fibers of pita, cabuya, toquilla straw, cinnamon, and lemon leaves allowing us to verify that the operation of the electromechanical prototype complies with the design conditions.