Industrialización, diseño y elaboración de artículos terminados con la fibra de alpaca.

Abstract

We industrialize, design and manufacture garments are woven with alpaca fiber, this research was carried out in the Santa Rosa Calerita Community, with the help of the agroindustrial fiber and wool laboratory of the Polytechnic Higher School of Chimborazo, Animal Science Faculty, Engineering in the livestock industry. In the washing process, 15 experimental units constituted by samples of 200 grams of fiber were used and modeled under a completely randomized design in three treatments: Treatment 1= 5 (Sodium bicarbonate plus salt in grain), Treatment 2=5 (biodegradable detergent), Treatment 3 = 5 (the combination of the two previous systems). We obtained a thread spun manually and in a machine, the natural dyeing was done with Beta vulgaris (beet), Taraxacum officinale (dandelion),Allium cepa (onion), Bryophyta (moss). The variables evaluated were: tensile strength (N/cm2), percentage of elongation (%), light fastness (points), color (points), touch (point) and texture (points). The physical analyzes of the fiber, reported the highest stress results (2663.33 N/cm2), and elongation (53.50%) in treatment 1, in the assessed of the yarn spun manually and mechanically in treatment 3 the better tension (2278.00 and 466.67 N / cm2), elongation (73.50 and 75%) and lightfastness (3.60 and 4.00 points) respectively. In the sensory evaluation scale, we can see that in treatment 3, we obtained high color weights (4.60, 4.40 and 4.80 points), touch (4.40, 4.60 and 4.40 points) and texture (4.80, 4.80 a 4.60 points) corresponding to the analysis of the fiber, yarn in manual form and yarn spun in machine. We conclude that in treatment 3 (sodium bicarbonate plus salt in grain and biodegradable detergent), it was possible to obtain a quality thread, suitable for making articles from alpaca fiber We recommend carrying out more industrial fiber studies of Vicugna pacos to help the alpaqueras organizations of the Chimborazo province.