Diseño y construcción de un electrocardiógrafo portátil de tres derivaciones para el diagnóstico de arritmias en pacientes de zonas rurales del cantón Riobamba.

Abstract

A portable electrocardiogram of referrals is implemented to allow the diagnosis of leases in the rural areas of the Riobamba canton. To determine the design requirements of the device, the study studies, the descriptive studies and the correlational one through which the architecture is seen, the stages selection of elements and technical parameters that must be followed to designed and implement a device capable of capturing the electrical activity of the heart. The aim is to develop a 6-stage modular embedded system contained in 4 modules: the acquisition module composed of electrodes and cables placed strategically in the patient´s chest, responsible for capturing the signal and transmission in the adaptation module where the circuit electronic is responsible for amplifying, filtering and adapting the signal to be taken to the processing module, where the signal is first digitized trough the software is processed to be represented graphically and in real time in the display module composed of a touch screen. The graphical interface of the software allows to invert, pause and modify the signal, calculate the heart rate and generate reports that are uploaded to the cloud. In prototype tests and simulation tests, attenuations of -3dB were obtained for the frequency ranges that the filters were selected. Through the digital processing if the images, it is determined that there is a 90% correlation between the images captured by the device developed with the commercial team. In the repetitiveness test. When obtaining a value less than 10% the stability of the device is confirmed. An average response time of 5.34 seconds was obtained is the software, the device has a power network autonomy of 9 hours. It is recommended to automate the calculation of the heart rate and improve its margin of effectiveness.