Comparación de dos productos de alto agotamiento de cromo en el proceso de curtición de pieles ovinas.

Abstract

In the tannery laboratory of the Faculty of livestock sciences of the Escuela Superior Politecnica of Chimborazo, Chimborazo province, the comparison of two compounds of high depletion of chromium in the tanning process of ovine skins (Ovis aries) of adult animals was carried out, and the physical resistances (Lastometria, Tension, and Elongation), as well as the sensory evaluation (Soft, Flower grain, Touch). We used 24 ovine skins of adult animals distributed in 8 repetitions with an experimental unit of an ovine leather. The analyzes were performed in the leather tanning laboratory. Distributed under a Completely Simple Random design. The results were studied through the analysis of variance, comparison of means, regression and multiple correlations for the evaluation of physical resistances and the analysis of Krudall Wallis for sensory ratings. The results indicate that when using glutaraldehyde, it reaches the highest values of tensile strength (1741.16 N / cm2), elongation percentage (93.44%) and lastometria (9.53 mm). The sensory evaluation identified a greater acceptance by the judge when using glutaraldehyde, reaching an excellent rating for softness (5 points) for a grain of flower (4.5 points) for touch (5 points). When carrying out the economic evaluation, a greater benefit-cost ratio was obtained when using glutaraldehyde, which was 1.35, meaning that for every dollar invested a gain of 0.35 cents is expected. We recommend using glutaraldehyde to improve physical appearance and achieve greater physical resistances. Evaluate the adequate concentration of glutaraldehyde to achieve total depletion of chromium in the leather tanning bath. Finally, it is necessary to spread the results achieved in the research to avoid deposition of high chromium residues that will deteriorate the environment.