Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento biológico para las aguas residuales de la cabecera parroquial de Sevilla don Bosco-cantón Morona-provincia de Morona Santiago.

Abstract

A Biological Wastewater Treatment System was designed for the head parish of Sevilla Don Bosco with the main purpose of mitigating the environmental impacts due to the frequent discharge into a freshwater body and in compliance with the Ecuadorian Environmental Regulations.The investigation began with the identification of the current state of the wastewater discharge to perform an initial characterization by applying a type of composite sampling which allowed to know the parameters that are outside the permissible limits of the Unified Text of Environmental Legislation standards (UTELS), the same as detailed below: Oils and Fats 52,13 mg/L, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 131,33 mg/L, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 264 mg/L, Suspended Solids 158,33 mg/L, Sedimentary Solids 13,67 mg/L, Fecal Coliforms 88000 CFU/100 ml, the flow rate was then determined for seven days in a row, applying the volumetric method at intervals of 3 hours from 07h00 until 19h00, obtaining a flow capacity of 2,98 L/s. From the results of the initial characterization, defined by the biodegradability index and the simulation of the processes, the respective equipment for the biological treatment system was sized, taking into account: a reception channel, grid system, grease trap, artificial wetland using lettuce (Eichorna Crassipes) and dual filter with multiple media. The current design was validated with the residual water characterization obtained after the process simulation (pilot plant), reaching removal percentages of: COD 71,59%, BOD 59,64%, Oils and Fats 80,82%, Sedimentary Solids 94,15%, Suspended Solids 91,79%, Fecal Coliforms 99,32%. It is strongly recommended in Sevilla Don Bosco Parish Decentralized Autonomous Government to implement this study to reduce the environmental impact generated towards the Upano River and its surroundings.