Intervención integral para disminuir los factores de riesgo de dermatitis atópica en niños menores de 5 años. Ichubamba.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to apply a comprehensive intervention to reduce the risk factors of atopic dermatitis in children under five years of age belonging to the rural Ichubamba community. Taking into account that atopic dermatitis mainly affects children, also associated with diseases such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, 47 children under five years of age and their mothers agreed to participate in the study. An information collection model and non-parametric tests such as the McNemar test were applied to determine changes in the presence of clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis and the Ranges with Wilcoxon Signs to determine changes in the level of mothers' knowledge about prevention of the illness. At the beginning of the investigation, it was obtained that 63.5% of the mothers showed a low level of knowledge, 53.2% of the children had atopic dermatitis, and that 66% were exposed to both environmental risk factors, biological and chemical. It was concluded that the intervention applied caused a decrease in atopic dermatitis in children to 28%, exposure to risk factors to 25%, as well as the mothers' level of knowledge about disease prevention. It is recommended to consolidate the work of the health team of the first level of care in identifying the risk factors for the appearance of atopic dermatitis and exacerbating it, as well as insisting on the promotion and prevention of diseases by increasing the level of knowledge of the population related to the main predominant diseases in the epidemiological genius of the communities.