Intervención en mujeres adultas para elevar la práctica del examen de papanicolaou. Gualiñag de Cebadas, Cantón Guamote.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to develop a comprehensive intervention aimed at raising the level of knowledge about the Pap test and its practice in adult women of the Gualiñag community of Guamote canton. The Pap test is considered as the screening of choice of greater utility in the early detection of epithelial changes that can lead to the onset of cervical cancer. An applied, longitudinal investigation was carried out with a quasi-experimental design, the population consisted of 83 women, a non-probabilistic sampling was carried out for convenience, leaving the sample made up of 72 women. The qualitative variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies and for the quantitative variables the median, interquartile range, maximum and minimum were used Chi square was applied to determine the relationship between variables and the McNemar test to evaluate the intervention. Of the 72 participants, 38.00% had ages between 35 and 44 years, 52,80% basic instruction, married 69,40%, at the beginning of the intervention highlighted an unsatisfactory knowledge about the Pap test with 66,67% and an inappropriate practice with only 6,94%, which subsequently increased to 84,72% and 70,83%, respectively, of which 17,63% presented precancerous lesions. It is concluded that the comprehensive intervention applied generated significant changes in the level of knowledge of women about the Pap test and its practice, allowing timely detection of cervical cancer. It is recommended to continue carrying out health promotion activities to increase the practice of Pap smears and their coverage nationwide.