Descripción anatómica de la madera de cuatro especies forestales, procedentes del noroccidente de Pichincha, cantón Puerto Quito.

Abstract

Ecuador is extraordinarily rich for having an important forest mass in different geographical locations, but there is a great ignorance of the macro and microscopic characteristics of each forest species, the present investigation proposes: anatomically describe the wood of four forest species, coming from the Northwest from Pichincha, Puerto Quito canton; to offer valuable information on the quality of the species and their good use. For the dendrologist identification of the forest species, the herbariums of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo and the herbarium of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador were used. For the organoleptic characteristics, it elaborated a comparative table to detail the observations, and it uses the senses: smell, touch, sight, and taste. To determine the anatomical characteristics, the samples of the wood of the four species were exposed to a softening process, at a temperature of 121 ° C, at a pressure of 1.1 atm; then, in the microtome, histological sections were made of the transverse, tangential, and radial parts. The slides were obtained and placed in the combined 1: 1 (Safranin / Astrablue) stain. Subsequently, the observation of the plates, the recording of data and the statistical analysis of the species were carried out. In the identification, only Ochroma pyramidal and Trichospermum galeottii belong to the same family. And the four species presented a characteristic in common, their fuste are straight and cylindrical. In the organoleptic characteristics it was demonstrated that the species are different and in the anatomical characteristics all the species had solitary and multiple pores of two and three, parénquima paratraqueal vasicéntrico and a diffuse porosity. It is concluded that with the combined staining much differentiated structures are observed.

Keywords: FOREST SPECIES - HERBAL - ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS - ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS - STAINING.