Determinación de los requerimientos hidricos para el cultivo de frèjol (Phaseolus vulgaris) Var. Calima en base al tanque de evaporación Tipo A, y fòrmulas empiricas(FAO), en Macaji, canton Riobamba provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

The current research proposes determining the water requirements for (Phaseolus Vulgaris Var. Calima) under the weather conditions of Riobamba County, Chimborazo province and through the application of two methods, direct and indirect. For this, it was necessary to use a complete randomized block design with three treatments and three repetitions. Method 1 (T1) irrigation sheets determined by the drain lysimeter; method 2 (T2) irrigation sheets determined by the evaporation tank Type A; method 3 (T3) irrigation sheets determined by the empirical calculation of the evapotranspiration of the crop. To carry out the application of irrigation sheets established for each treatment, it was necessary to set a non-self-compensated drip irrigation system to evaluate the incidence in the application of treatments, drip frequency for T1 when the lysimetric drain was stopped, while T2 and T3 worked with a 25% of usable humidity abatement. In addition, the crop coefficient values were also determined and adjusted for each phenolic stage. The variables evaluated were days to emergency, flowering, sheathed and harvest, plant height, WRC, number of sheath and weight, yield, dry matter and water footprint. The adjusted crop coefficient values (kc) were 0.65, 0.96, 1.05, 0.86 for the first, intermediate, and final development stage respectively. It is concluded that with the drain lysimeter method (Treatment 1), it is possible to obtain real Kc values for the study area, because it provides direct information about the total amount of water required in the crop since it considers the water-soil-plant-atmosphere relation resulting in a water requirement of 292.38mm for its cycle untilthe early harvest.

Key words: WATER REQUIREMENTS – IRRIGATION SHEETS –DRAINING LYSIMETER