Estudio clínico epidemiológico de la enfermedad de membrana hialina. Hospital Provincial Docente Riobamba. Mayo 2018-enero 2019

Abstract

It is considered the Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMS) as the most common respiratory alteration in the premature newborn, caused by a deficit of surfactant, a substance that envelops the alveoli. Its prevalence is associated with several factors, such as gestational age. birth pathway and birth weight, among others. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical epidemiological behavior of HMS in the Neonatal Service of the General Provincial Teaching Hospital Riobamba and its associations according to the maternal, neonatal epidemiological and clinical antecedents, as well as to determine prevalence and rate of morbidity and mortality. The research is descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental, retrospective and with a qualitative-quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 347 patients with MHS attended in the neonatology service of the hospital in the period from May 2018 to January 2019. Among the results reported in the present study were found a prevalence of HMD of 5.4 %, the main mathematic background associated with the EMH are gestational age (29-31 weeks) and urinary tract infections. Of the newborns with EMH, the male sex prevails, with weights between 1501 and 2000 grams and average APGAR scores of 7 and 8 for the first and fifth minutes. The mortality rate was 30% and morbidity 70%. Concluding in this way that the results / are similar to those reported in the literature, there is an increasing tendency of the presence of the EMH which increases in the last months of the year 2018.