Obtención de detergente líquido usando saponina de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), chocho (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) cabuya (Sisalana perrine) y su diseño de producción.

Abstract

Since the appearance of the industry, as well as we obtain products of better use, we also experience changes that damage our water resources. A very clear example of this is the presence of surfactants in detergents, which by their nature form a layer of fat on the surface, preventing the passage of oxygen into the interior, causing the death of aquatic species, and their remains when decomposing emanate strong smells. The industrialization of quinoa is carried out by dry way that is known as scarification, the dust is discarded without any use. In the case of the lupine, when washing, the aponin is completely eliminated in rivers, ditches or sewers. And in the industrialization of the cabuya in the production of ropes, the juice with high content of saponin, is also discarded without any use. For this reason a process was designed to obtain a liquid detergent friendly to the environment, using as raw material the "waste" generated in the industrialization of quinoa, lupine and cabuya, using its content of saponin that is biodegradable. Saponin was obtained by simple extraction using 96% ethanol as a solvent. Where its physical-chemical properties were: 1.11g / mL density; temperature 20.2° C; pH 6.64; IR 1,372; ° Brix 25 and viscosity 386.8 cP. The detergent obtained was regulated under the NTE INEN 0847 (2009) standard, obtaining 3.28% of free alkalinity (NaOH) 0%, of active material 36.12%, phosphates 0.08% and biodegradability 94%., which indicates that it is a product free of alkalis, anti-corrosive sodium silicates, amide foam stabilizers, carboxy methyl cellulose for the formation of suspensions of soil particles, bleaches, fabric softeners, enzymes, optical brighteners and sodium sulphate which are contaminants, therefore contribute to the ecological conservation of the planet, so it can be commercialized, in addition the calculations of the financial indexes were carried out, resulting in a NPV of $174,074.21, an IRR of 87% with a profitability index of 2.82, which is a very good option for a microenterprise. It is considered a totally viable project.