Evaluación arqueológica de los sitios de producción agrícola del área arqueológica Monte Puñay, provincias de Cañar y Chimborazo.

Abstract

The proposed research states: archaeologically evaluating the agricultural production sites of the Puñay Mount archaeological area, Cañar and Chimborazo provinces; for this purpose ethnohistorical and ethnographic sources were analyzed permitting this way to document the agricultural historiography of the study area, through this, 20 crops of pre-Columbian Andean plants related to historical contexts in 1582 were identified. By registering the agricultural production sites of the Puñay Mount archaeological area and the elaboration of the planimetry it was determined that the sites correspond to the cultural affiliation Cañari culture integration period (AD 500 -1534 AD) In the archaeological area social actions were also materialized linked to the agroculturization of its economy and landscape, registering 12 sites of agricultural production, of which 58% belong to the category of "plains" and 42% belongs to "downhills". Within this process, a diversification of cropping systems was used, since the agricultural sites are located in different micro-reliefs (34% in plateaus, 33% in valleys, 25% in slopes and 8% in tablelands), and in different archaeological zones (Yunga 33%, Quechua 67%) The agricultural production sites are in the regular state due to the advance of agricultural activities managed commercially; its mechanization processes enhance the destruction of structures and sedimentary levels. It is concluded that the agricultural production sites in the archaeological area of Monte Puñay are not conserved and do not present recurrent cultural patterns associated only with agroecological determinants because all the sites are in the process of deterioration according to the progress of the agricultural frontier, as well as the registry of social determinants such as the hierarchy and the size of the production sites that influenced on the materialization of different agricultural technologies.