Implementación de un sistema semiautomatizado para el corte de forraje, con el fin de minimizar riesgos ergonómicos en la Asociación de Ganaderos de la parroquia San Juan, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

The objective of the present work is to implement a semi-automatic system to cut forage, in order to minimize ergonomic risks in the association of breeders from a parish called San Juan, province of Chimborazo. The methodology applied was the following: for the detection and analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms the Kuorinka Nordic questionnaire is applied, engineering techniques of methods and time are applied: process diagrams and ergonomic evaluation tools, REBA and RULER methods for the measurement of angles; CAD tools, the Soliworks software to design the system. The manual cut of forage determined that the most affected area of the body is the dorsal or lumbar due to inadequate postures that are adopted when cutting forage with a high level of ergonomic risk (REBA Score: 13). To reduce the risk, manual cutting tools were replaced by a weed whacker in order to improve posture at work, after using it the forage was dispersed throughout the land and it was necessary to collect it which implied a waste of time and greater physical effort; To solve this problem a coupling was designed in order to control the direction of the forage as it is being cut, that is, to be able to direct it and be able to place it in a certain area of the ground. In addition, to prevent the worker from supporting the weight of the machine when loading it, a structure was built to carry out this work and also to facilitate the maneuverability of the weed whacker. The implementation of the system increased the productivity of 0.4 (m2 / min) and reduced the level of ergonomic risk of a VERY HIGH RISK (REBA score of 13) to an INAPPROPRIATE RISK (REBA score of 1)