Aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos de las industrias productoras de panela para la obtención de policosanol.

Abstract

The research proposed to take advantage of the solid waste of panela producing industries to obtain Policosanol, it was proposed to recover the waste generated in the "Tarqui" panela industry, in the place 400 cm3 of cachaça was taken during one month; I took it to the laboratories of the Faculty of Sciences of ESPOCH. For the obtaining process, the following unit operations were carried out: drying, grinding, solid-liquid extraction of the filter cake, saponification of wax, solid-liquid extraction of the saponified wax, recrystallization; Quality tests include: performance analysis, saponification index, melting point, purity analysis by gas chromatography and analysis of chemical composition by infrared spectrophotometry. For data tabulation, the design was completely randomized with a combinatorial arrangement in the statistical package IBM SPSS statistics ; The two study factors correspond to the type of solvent used in solid-liquid extraction of the filter cake (pure heptane, recovered heptane and heptane / water) and the speed of agitation in saponification ((300 and 400 rpm). obtained by extracting Policosanol with pure heptane with a rotation speed of 300 rpm, with a value equal to 1.025%, according to the analysis by gas chromatography the highest value was obtained when extracting Policosanol with pure heptane, with an equal value at 90.52% purity, for chemical characterization by IR spectroscopy the highest value was obtained when extracting Policosanol with heptane recovered at 300 and 400 rpm with a standard variation for the hydroxyl group equal to 5.74 cm-1, it is concluded that they were used the solid waste of the panela industries, to obtain Policosanol with pure heptane, which constituted the best treatment, was also worked with recovered heptane and heptane / water in the extraction but with less favorable results.