Evaluación del impacto ambiental de los residuos generados por lavadoras y lubricadoras para la propuesta técnica de una guía de manejo. caso ciudad de Riobamba.

Abstract

The environmental impact caused by the waste generated in the car washes in the city of Riobamba was assessed. The aforementioned assessment was carried out through an information gathering, identifying the aspects and environmental impact, sampling of the sewage dumpet into the drains and into the Chiubunga River. A Cronbach’s alpha rehability coefficient of 0.87 was obtained through the statistical analysis of Cronbach’s alpha to apply the survey. The result obtained through the use of the RIAM methodology, was that the processes of washing and lubricating the car generate environmental aspects moderately negative. The per capita production of waste generated in the city was calculated using the tabulation of the data collected in the surveys. It was determined that the oils used in these car washes have an average per capita production (PCP) OF 1,99 kg/car/day, the filters have an average of 2 filters/car/day, the textile material 0,2 kg/car/day and the mud 0,15 kg/car/day. Within the limits of the non- domestic wastewater discharges to the drains it is clear that the physical- chemical parameters evaluated are over the established limits, except for one parish. The parameters allowed to dump waste into fresh water bodies give us the possibility to determine that 3 out of 4 discharges have a high concentration, which provokes the pollutions of the water, alterations of the flora and the fauna and reduction of the aquatic microbiota. All of this is caused by the direct pouring of effluents. Within the study of the environmental impact, it was recognized that the water component has been highly impacted due to the quality deterioration of this resource. The flora and the fauna of the city have some slightly negative alterations, caused by the production of hazardous waste. The creations of job and economical income have a slightly positive impact within the economic- operational category. That is why, the “Guía Técnica e Informativa de RESPEL para lavadoras y lubricadoras” (Technical and informative guide of hazardous waste for car washes) is proposed to reduce the environmental impacts.